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Table 5 Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)

From: Efficacy of extracorporeal shock waves therapy for erectile dysfunction treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcomes

Number of participants

(studies)

Risk of biasa

Inconsistencyb

Indirectness

Imprecision

Other considerations

Certainty of the evidence

(GRADE)

Erectile function

654(10 RCTs)

Low

Very low

Moderate

Low

None

⨁⨁◯◯Low

  1. RCT Randomized clinical trial; SMD: standardized mean difference
  2. aThe average risk of bias of the studies according to the ROBINS-I and RoB tools
  3. bLow methodological heterogeneity but high statistical heterogeneity among trials (I2> 25%)
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Basic and Clinical Andrology

ISSN: 2051-4190