The effect of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment on sperm parameters in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients

Table 3 Comparison of semen parameters before and after intravesical BCG treatment

Semen paremeters	Pre-BCG	Post-BCG	p value
Semen volume (mL, Median ± IQR)	2.0 ± 1.1	1.9 ± 0.8	0.748*
pH (Median ± IQR)	8.0 ± 0	8.0 ± 0	1.000*
Sperm concentration (10⁶/mL, Mean ± SD)	67.0 ± 40.8	44.9 ± 31.7	*0.001***
Total sperm count (10⁶ per ejaculate, Median ± IQR)	124.3 ± 75.2	84.3 ± 68.8	*0.016**
Total motility (%, Median ± IQR)	52.5 ± 38.3	23.1 ± 27.1	0.001*
Progressive motility (%, Mean ± SD)	38.0 ± 16.1	24.7 ± 16.4	0.001**
Non progressive motility (%, Median ± IQR)	9.2 ± 2.1	9.1 ± 2.8	0.979*
Immotile sperm (%, Mean ± SD)	52.8 ± 16.5	66.2 ± 17.2	*0.001***
Leukocytes (10⁶/mL, Median ± IQR)	0.26 ± 0.45	0.17 ± 0.39	0.480*
Normal morphology (%, Median ± IQR)	1.57 ± 1.04	0.26 ± 0.54	*0.001**

This table presents the changes in semen parameters before and after BCG therapy, assessing volume, motility, sperm concentration, and morphology. Wilcoxon test was used for non-normally distributed variables, and paired t-test was used for normally distributed variables. Values are expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR) for non-normally distributed variables and as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed variables
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range
^*Wilcoxon test was applied
^**Paired sample t-test was applied

ISSN: 2051-4190