Fig. 2

Histological analysis verified intact spermatogenesis in the testis of the proband. A) Spermatozoa and germ cells were visibly present in the testicular tissue obtained from the proband during surgery. B) Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of testicular tissues from a control OA patient without AZFa deletion (Control), the proband, and two patients with complete AZFa deletion (P9261, P20794). C) Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of SOX9 (green) and UCHL1 (red) in the testes of a control OA patient without AZFa deletion (Control), the proband, and two patients with complete AZFa deletion (P9261, P20794). D) IF staining of SYCP3 (green) and PNA (red) in the testes of a control OA patient without AZFa deletion (Control), the proband, and two patients with complete AZFa deletion (P9261, P20794). DAPI (blue) was used to stain the cell nuclei in C, D. Scale bars = 50 µm