Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of the eligible studies
Study | Selection of exposed cohort | Selection of non-exposed cohort | Assessment of exposure | Demonstration of outcome | Comparability (basics) | Comparability (others) | Assessment outcome | Length of follow-up | Adequacy of follow-up | Total (star) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aghazarian et al., 2024 [26] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Al-Daghistani & Abdel-Dayem, 2010 [27] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
AL-SWEIH, et al., 2012 [28] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Andrade-Rocha, 2003 [29] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Bai et al., 2021 [30] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Gdoura et al., 2007 [31] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Gdoura et al., 2007 [32] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Huang et al., 2015 [33] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Karthikeyan et al., 2021 [34] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Le et al., 2020 [35] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Liu et al., 2014 [36] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Liu et al., 2022a [17] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Liu et al., 2022b [18] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Moretti et al., 2009 [37] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Paira et al., 2023 [11] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Peerayeh et al., 2008 [38] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Pendas et al., 2013 [39] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Qing et al., 2017 [40] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Xianchun et al., 2023 [12] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Zeighami et al., 2007 [41] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Zeighami et al., 2009 [42] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Zhang et al., 2020 [43] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Zinzendorf et al., 2008 [44] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |